Vacancies are still rising, but so are rents. Meanwhile, concessions are less widespread.
When it comes to rent concessions, Steve Delmore goes by one rule. “They must be limited and of short duration,” says Delmore, executive vice president at Merrill Gardens, a Seattle-based owner and operator of 56 seniors housing buildings.
He doesn't like to reduce asking rents because it locks in low prices. Instead, Delmore offers new residents a month's free rent, or he waives the move-in deposit so that he can raise rents as the market improves rather than playcatch-up.
The approach seems to be working. The occupancy rate across Merrill Gardens' portfolio hit a low of 89% last March. Now occupancies at its independent living and assisted living buildings are at about 93%. Rents at stabilized buildings with an average occupancy of 94% will probably rise 3% to 5% in 2010, a nice bump from the zero to 1.5% hikes of 2009. “The idea is to get back to normal rent increases,” emphasizes Delmore.
The market may be headed toward normalcy, concludes a new report on key metrics from the National Investment Center for the Seniors Housing and Care Industry (NIC). Based on seniors housing data from the top 31 markets, the report shows that vacancies are still rising, but rents are too. And new construction has just about come to a halt, which means vacancies may soon start to decline.
“Rents are still positive,” notes Michael Hargrave, vice president at NIC Map, the research arm of the Annapolis, Md.-based firm. “That really separates seniors housing from the other commercial property sectors where rents have declined.” NIC's rent figures do not include concessions, but Hargrave believes that the trajectory of effective rents is positive since the industry tends to use short-lived concessions.
NIC says rents at independent living buildings rose 2.8% in the second quarter compared with the same period in 2008. Rents are not rising as quickly as they were several years ago, however. Rents rose by 5% on a year-over-year basis in the second quarter of 2008.
The same pattern holds true for assisted living properties. Rents increased 2.4% from the second quarter of 2008 to the second quarter of 2009. But rents rose 3.98% from the second quarter of 2007 to the second quarter of 2008. Nursing home rents rose only slightly this year over last. “The pace of year-over-year rent growth has slowed,” confirms Hargrave.
Vacancies up
Vacancies at independent living buildings now average 11.7%, up from 9.3% a year ago. Assisted living vacancies stand at 12.4%, up from 11.1% a year ago. Over the same period, nursing home vacancies rose only slightly to 10.8% from 10.2%
NIC recently changed the way it reports industry metrics for the top 31 markets it tracks. During each quarter NIC tracks three key metrics: vacancies, rents, and trailing 12-month construction starts vs. current building inventory.
NIC had been reporting stabilized occupancy rates, but shifted to a vacancy rate that includes properties still in lease-up. “After two years of dialogue with the industry, this is what they wanted to see,” notes Robert Kramer, president at NIC. “If you look at other classes of real estate, that's how vacancies are reported.”
Last June, NIC expanded its research coverage to the top 100 U.S. metro markets. NIC's redesigned Web site with benchmarking tools was rolled out in August.
NIC's long-term goal, Kramer emphasizes, is to provide transparent data packaged in a way that makes it easy for investors to compare the performance of seniors housing to other commercial real estate sectors. “New investors can easily see the trends over time,” Kramer notes.
Incentives hurt bottom line
Though asking rents are stable, widespread concessions are hurting the bottom line, says Michael Berne, managing director of the seniors housing group in the New York office of Jones Lang LaSalle. “The revenue for owners is less.”
Incentives are still needed to attract residents, according to building owners and operators. The housing slump has hit independent living buildings hard. Seniors who want to move are having trouble selling their homes. Vacancies at seniors buildings vary by location, of course, but the most troubled housing markets have the most empty units.
For example, the vacancy rate for independent living units in Tampa rose from 5.6% in the first quarter of 2007 to 12.2% in the second quarter of 2009. During the same period, NIC's average vacancy rate for the top 31 markets rose to 11.7%. Home prices in Tampa have declined 38.8% since the first quarter of 2007, while national home prices were down 28.2%.
The recession has hurt assisted living buildings too, where rents average about $3,500 a month. Seniors have seen their savings shrink. Adult children who often help their parents pay the bills may now find themselves unemployed. In the Detroit area, for example, the unemployment rate rose from 7.3% in the first quarter of 2007 to 16.3% in the second quarter of 2009. During that same period, assisted living vacancies in the Detroit area rose from 10.5% to 19.2%.
Though concessions are still being used to fill empty units, discounts were deeper last year and more widespread, says Hargrave of NIC. Anecdotal evidence also suggests concessions are beginning to ebb. Seattle-based Emeritus now offers fewer incentives than it did the first half of the year. The publicly traded company is the nation's second largest operator of assisted living units.
Incentives offered earlier this year did provide some “occupancy momentum,” according to Granger Cobb, Emeritus president and Co-CEO. At the end of the second quarter, the occupancy rate across its portfolio of 309 properties stood at 88.2%, up from 87.8% at the end of the first quarter.
Emeritus will not offer incentives in 2010, Cobb says, though he admits it's hard to wean property managers from discount programs.
Rent hikes ahead
Meanwhile, building owners are taking an incremental approach to rent hikes. Brookdale Senior Living, a Nashville-based company with 548 properties, has raised rents only at a few buildings, according to Ron Aylor, senior vice president of sales at the publicly traded firm. “We've been very cautious,” he says.
Senior Lifestyle Corp. raised rents 2% last January. “We felt it was not the time for a big hike,” says John Cobb, president and CEO at the Chicago-based company, a privately held owner and operator of 52 properties. The occupancy rate portfolio-wide is up 3.8% this year to about 90%. The company's assisted living buildings are 95% occupied. “Our goal has been to grow occupancy,” emphasizes Cobb.
Owners and operators are projecting higher returns in 2010. Many expect to raise rents about 5% to 6%. A recent pick-up in the pace of leasing has fueled that optimism. At Senior Lifestyle, for example, move-ins rose from approximately 170 per month last fall to about 200 per month during the summer. The company recorded its best month ever in terms of net operating income in August, says Cobb, though he declines to provide actual numbers.
The ongoing drop in construction activity should bolster occupancies at existing buildings. In the independent living sector, construction starts in the second quarter of 2009 totaled 0.6% of the current available inventory, down from 3% in the same period in 2008, according to NIC. New starts in assisted living fell from 2.3% to 0.6%. And construction starts on skilled nursing facilities declined to 0.2% from 0.4%.
Still, in some oversupplied markets it may take several years to absorb the existing inventory. The number of independent living units under construction in Denver hit a high in the first quarter of 2008, representing 30.2% of existing inventory.
The vacancy rate rose from 9.1% in the first quarter of 2007 to 18.9% in the second quarter of 2009. Denver was targeted several years ago by a number of developers including Erickson Retirement Communities, Classic Residence by Hyatt and Spectrum Retirement Communities.
The big drop in new projects under construction nationally, however, bodes well for occupancies at existing seniors housing properties. Construction financing is scarce. And even when lenders return to the market it will take several years for the development pipeline to fill, notes Cobb at Emeritus.
For the assisted living sector, Cobb predicts three to four years of growing demand due to the combination of an aging population and little new supply. “Everyone will be full.”
| Independent Living | Assisted Living | Nursing Care | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2Q09 | 2Q08 | 2Q09 | 2Q08 | 2Q09 | 2Q08 | |
| Vacancy Rate1 | 11.7% | 9.3% | 12.4% | 11.1% | 10.8% | 10.2% |
| Average Monthly Rent per Unit2 | $2,645 | $2,572 | $3,500 | $3,419 | $7,712 | $7,493 |
| TTM* Construction Starts vs. Current Inventory3 | 0.6% | 3.0% | 0.6% | 2.3% | 0.2% | 0.4% |
1. The vacancy rate is the percent of units/beds in all properties that are not occupied.
2. Average monthly rent per unit includes base rates and monthly care fees and is private pay only; it does not include ancillary service and move-in fees, and does not factor in the impact of concessions.
3. Trailing 12-month construction starts vs. current inventory is the trailing 12-month sum of units/beds that started construction divided by the inventory in the last quarter.
Jane Adler is a Chicago-based writer.